The Power of Crystals: Which One Brings Strength and Resilience?

Crystals have been used for centuries as a tool for healing and personal growth. Each crystal possesses unique properties and characteristics that can benefit different aspects of our lives. In this article, we will explore the power of crystals and discover which one can bring strength and resilience to those who use it. From the vibrant energy of Citrine to the grounding presence of Hematite, we will delve into the world of crystals and uncover the secrets to finding the perfect one for your journey towards inner strength and resilience.

What is the Connection Between Crystals and Strength?

The History of Crystal Healing

Crystal healing is an ancient practice that has been used for thousands of years to promote physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being. The use of crystals as healing tools can be traced back to ancient civilizations such as the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans, who believed that crystals had special properties that could enhance the body’s energy and promote healing.

In ancient Egypt, crystals were used to adorn the tombs of pharaohs and were believed to protect the soul in the afterlife. The Greeks believed that crystals had mystical powers and used them to make amulets and talismans to ward off evil spirits. The Romans used crystals to purify water and believed that they had healing properties.

Crystal healing fell out of favor during the Middle Ages, but it experienced a resurgence in the 19th century. In the 1800s, a Swiss medium named Edgar Cayce popularized the use of crystals for healing purposes. Cayce believed that crystals could be used to balance the body’s energy and promote healing.

In the 20th century, crystal healing experienced a revival, thanks in part to the New Age movement. Today, crystal healing is practiced by many people and is considered a form of alternative medicine.

The popularity of crystal healing has led to the development of a wide range of crystal-based products, including jewelry, healing tools, and decorative items. Crystals are also used in meditation and visualization practices to promote relaxation and improve mental clarity.

Despite the lack of scientific evidence supporting the effectiveness of crystal healing, many people believe in its power to promote physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being. Whether used for their aesthetic appeal or for their supposed healing properties, crystals continue to be a popular and fascinating part of many people’s lives.

The Science Behind Crystal Energy

Crystal energy is based on the concept that crystals have unique vibrational frequencies that can influence the energy of the environment and the individuals within it. The vibrations emitted by crystals are thought to resonate with the natural frequencies of the human body, affecting physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being.

One of the primary mechanisms behind the power of crystals is their ability to emit and absorb specific frequencies of energy. The atomic structure of crystals, with its repeating patterns of molecules, gives rise to a unique vibrational frequency that can interact with the energy fields of the human body.

Crystals can also have a direct impact on the body’s energy system by affecting the flow of electromagnetic energy. This can be achieved through techniques such as crystal healing, where crystals are placed on or near the body to alter the flow of energy and promote healing.

Moreover, the power of crystals is thought to be influenced by their form and shape. The symmetrical, geometric patterns found in many crystals are believed to have a harmonizing effect on the body’s energy system, helping to restore balance and promote overall well-being.

In summary, the science behind crystal energy suggests that crystals have the power to influence the energy of the environment and the individuals within it by emitting and absorbing specific frequencies of energy, altering the flow of electromagnetic energy, and affecting the body’s energy system through their unique geometrical patterns.

Top Crystals for Strength and Resilience

Key takeaway: Crystal healing has a long history dating back to ancient civilizations such as the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans, who believed that crystals had special properties that could enhance the body’s energy and promote healing. Crystal energy is based on the concept that crystals have unique vibrational frequencies that can influence the energy of the environment and the individuals within it. Citrine, Tiger’s Eye, and Rose Quartz are powerful crystals that can bring strength, resilience, and prosperity to those who wear them. To use these crystals for strength and resilience, it is recommended to hold them in your hand, focus on your breath, and visualize the crystal’s energy flowing into your body. Combining crystals can create a powerful energy field that can help individuals build strength and resilience in all areas of their lives.

Citrine

Citrine is a powerful crystal that is known for its ability to bring strength and resilience to those who wear it. It is a type of quartz that is naturally yellow or orange in color, and it is often used in jewelry and other decorative items.

One of the key benefits of citrine is its ability to enhance the wearer’s physical strength and endurance. This is because citrine is a powerful solar plexus chakra stone, which is the energy center associated with personal power and self-esteem. By wearing citrine, you can tap into this energy and feel more confident and assertive in your daily life.

In addition to its physical benefits, citrine is also believed to help with emotional and mental strength. It is a stone of abundance and prosperity, and it can help you manifest your desires and achieve your goals. Citrine is also a stone of joy and optimism, and it can help you maintain a positive outlook even in difficult times.

Citrine is also believed to have healing properties, and it is often used in crystal therapy to help with a variety of physical and emotional ailments. It is said to be particularly effective in treating digestive problems, kidney problems, and skin conditions.

Overall, citrine is a powerful crystal that can bring strength, resilience, and positivity to those who wear it. Whether you are looking to enhance your physical or emotional well-being, citrine is a great choice for anyone seeking to tap into their inner power and manifest their desires.

Tiger’s Eye

Tiger’s Eye is a powerful crystal that is believed to bring strength and resilience to those who wear it. This gemstone is a type of quartz that has been naturally colored by the presence of iron and other minerals. The result is a stunning stone with a rich, golden-brown color that is said to resonate with the energy of the sun.

One of the primary benefits of Tiger’s Eye is its ability to enhance physical strength and stamina. This is due to the fact that it is a grounding stone that is said to help the body absorb vital energy from the earth. By wearing Tiger’s Eye, one can feel more energized and invigorated, making it easier to tackle even the most challenging physical tasks.

In addition to its physical benefits, Tiger’s Eye is also believed to bring emotional strength and resilience. This is a stone that is said to help one remain calm and focused in the face of adversity, promoting a sense of inner peace and tranquility. By wearing Tiger’s Eye, one can feel more empowered to face life’s challenges with grace and confidence.

Furthermore, Tiger’s Eye is also thought to bring good luck and prosperity to those who wear it. This is a stone that is said to attract abundance and success, making it a popular choice among those who seek to improve their financial situation. Whether worn as a talisman or carried in one’s pocket, Tiger’s Eye is said to bring a sense of abundance and prosperity to one’s life.

Overall, Tiger’s Eye is a powerful crystal that is believed to bring strength, resilience, and prosperity to those who wear it. Whether seeking to enhance physical strength, emotional resilience, or financial abundance, Tiger’s Eye is a stone that is said to offer a range of benefits to those who work with it.

Rose Quartz

Rose Quartz is a beautiful crystal that is often associated with love and romance, but it also has a powerful connection to strength and resilience. This crystal is a variety of quartz that gets its name from its rosy pink color, which is caused by the presence of titanium, iron, and other minerals.

One of the main reasons that Rose Quartz is believed to bring strength and resilience is because of its ability to help balance emotions. This crystal is often used to help people deal with difficult emotions such as grief, anger, and sadness, and it can help to bring a sense of calm and peace to the mind and body.

In addition to its emotional benefits, Rose Quartz is also believed to have physical healing properties. It is said to help with issues related to the heart, such as high blood pressure and cholesterol, and it can also help to reduce inflammation and relieve pain.

Another way that Rose Quartz can bring strength and resilience is through its ability to attract love and positive energy. This crystal is often used in love spells and rituals, and it can help to bring a sense of harmony and balance to relationships.

Overall, Rose Quartz is a powerful crystal that can bring strength and resilience in many different ways. Whether you are dealing with difficult emotions, physical health issues, or relationship problems, this crystal can help to bring a sense of balance and positivity to your life.

How to Use These Crystals for Strength and Resilience

5.1 Rhodochrosite

Rhodochrosite is a powerful crystal that can help you develop strength and resilience in times of hardship. This stone is often associated with the heart chakra, making it particularly effective at healing emotional wounds and promoting inner growth. To use Rhodochrosite for strength and resilience, follow these steps:

  • Hold the crystal in your hand and focus on your breath.
  • Visualize the crystal’s energy flowing into your body, filling you with a sense of calm and stability.
  • As you breathe deeply, imagine yourself becoming stronger and more resilient with each passing moment.
  • Continue to hold the crystal and repeat this process for several minutes, allowing the energy of Rhodochrosite to work its magic.

5.2 Hematite

Hematite is a powerful grounding stone that can help you maintain a strong connection to the earth and your own inner strength. This stone is particularly effective at protecting against negative energy and promoting feelings of safety and security. To use Hematite for strength and resilience, follow these steps:

  • Visualize the crystal’s energy flowing into your body, creating a protective shield around you.
  • As you breathe deeply, imagine yourself becoming more grounded and centered, drawing strength from the earth beneath you.
  • Continue to hold the crystal and repeat this process for several minutes, allowing the energy of Hematite to work its magic.

5.3 Smoky Quartz

Smoky Quartz is a powerful stone that can help you overcome challenges and setbacks, promoting resilience and determination. This stone is often associated with the root chakra, making it particularly effective at grounding and stabilizing your energy. To use Smoky Quartz for strength and resilience, follow these steps:

  • Visualize the crystal’s energy flowing into your body, filling you with a sense of determination and focus.
  • As you breathe deeply, imagine yourself overcoming any obstacles that stand in your way, becoming stronger and more resilient with each passing moment.
  • Continue to hold the crystal and repeat this process for several minutes, allowing the energy of Smoky Quartz to work its magic.

One of the key benefits of citrine is its ability to boost self-esteem and confidence. It is believed to help individuals overcome self-doubt and feelings of inadequacy, allowing them to feel more confident in their abilities and more self-assured in their interactions with others.

In addition to its emotional benefits, citrine is also believed to have physical healing properties. It is said to help with digestion, kidney function, and immune system health, making it a useful crystal for those struggling with digestive issues or other health problems.

Citrine is also believed to be a powerful manifestation tool, helping individuals to set and achieve their goals. It is said to increase creativity and motivation, allowing individuals to find new and innovative ways to reach their desired outcomes.

Overall, citrine is a versatile and powerful crystal that can bring strength, resilience, and confidence to those who wear it. Whether you are struggling with self-doubt, health issues, or simply looking to improve your overall well-being, citrine may be the perfect crystal for you.

Tiger’s Eye is a powerful crystal that is believed to bring strength and resilience to those who wear it. It is a form of quartz that is characterized by its golden-yellow color with ribbons of brown running through it. The unique patterns and colors of Tiger’s Eye make it a highly sought-after crystal for those looking to enhance their physical and emotional well-being.

One of the primary benefits of Tiger’s Eye is its ability to promote feelings of courage and confidence. It is believed to help individuals overcome fears and anxieties, allowing them to approach challenges with a newfound sense of strength and determination. This can be particularly helpful for those who struggle with self-doubt or feelings of inadequacy.

In addition to its emotional benefits, Tiger’s Eye is also believed to have physical healing properties. It is said to help relieve pain and inflammation, making it a popular choice for those suffering from arthritis or other chronic conditions. It may also help to improve blood circulation and promote overall vitality and well-being.

Tiger’s Eye is often used in meditation and spiritual practices to enhance intuition and insight. It is believed to help individuals connect with their inner wisdom and intuition, allowing them to make more informed decisions and live a more fulfilling life.

Overall, Tiger’s Eye is a powerful crystal that is believed to bring strength, resilience, and healing to those who wear it. Whether you are looking to overcome emotional challenges or simply seeking to improve your overall well-being, Tiger’s Eye may be the perfect crystal for you.

Rose Quartz is a beautiful crystal that is often associated with love and romance, but it also has a powerful connection to strength and resilience. This crystal is a form of quartz that gets its name from its delicate pink color, which is thought to be the result of trace amounts of titanium, iron, and other minerals.

One of the most significant benefits of Rose Quartz is its ability to promote emotional healing. This crystal is known to help soothe emotional wounds and promote a sense of inner peace and calm. It can be especially helpful for those who have experienced trauma or loss, as it can help to release negative emotions and promote a sense of acceptance and understanding.

In addition to its emotional healing properties, Rose Quartz is also believed to have physical healing properties. It is thought to help with issues related to the heart and circulatory system, such as high blood pressure and angina. It may also help to alleviate skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis.

Rose Quartz is also known to have a calming effect on the mind and body. It can help to reduce stress and anxiety, and promote a sense of relaxation and well-being. It is often used in meditation and other spiritual practices to help quiet the mind and connect with the present moment.

Overall, Rose Quartz is a powerful crystal that can bring strength and resilience to those who work with it. Whether you are looking to heal emotional wounds, promote physical health, or simply find peace and calm in your daily life, Rose Quartz is a great choice to have by your side.

Crystal Combinations for Enhanced Strength and Resilience

Citrine, Tiger’s Eye, and Rose Quartz

Citrine, Tiger’s Eye, and Rose Quartz are three powerful crystals that can help individuals build strength and resilience in different aspects of their lives. Each crystal has unique properties and characteristics that make it valuable for personal growth and development.

Citrine is a crystal that is associated with abundance, prosperity, and success. It is believed to enhance creativity, confidence, and motivation, making it an excellent crystal for individuals who want to achieve their goals and aspirations. Citrine is also known to attract wealth and abundance, making it a popular crystal among entrepreneurs and business owners.

Tiger’s Eye, on the other hand, is a crystal that is associated with courage, strength, and protection. It is believed to help individuals overcome fear and anxiety, and to provide them with the courage to face challenges and obstacles. Tiger’s Eye is also known to enhance focus, clarity, and decision-making, making it a valuable crystal for individuals who need to make important choices or decisions.

Rose Quartz is a crystal that is associated with love, compassion, and healing. It is believed to help individuals open their hearts and minds, and to promote feelings of love and harmony. Rose Quartz is also known to reduce stress and anxiety, and to promote emotional balance and stability.

When combined, Citrine, Tiger’s Eye, and Rose Quartz can create a powerful energy field that can help individuals build strength and resilience in all areas of their lives. This combination of crystals can help individuals attract wealth and abundance, overcome fear and anxiety, and promote emotional balance and stability.

To use this combination of crystals, individuals can place them in their homes or workplaces, carry them in their pockets or purses, or wear them as jewelry. By surrounding themselves with the energy of these powerful crystals, individuals can tap into their inner strength and resilience, and overcome any obstacles or challenges that they may face.

Black Tourmaline, Smoky Quartz, and Red Jasper

Black Tourmaline, Smoky Quartz, and Red Jasper are three powerful crystals that can be combined to enhance strength and resilience. Each of these crystals has unique properties that make them effective in different ways.

Black Tourmaline is a grounding stone that is known for its ability to protect against negative energy. It is often used to combat feelings of fear, anxiety, and stress, and can help to build confidence and courage. This crystal is also thought to enhance physical vitality and stamina, making it a popular choice for athletes and those seeking to improve their physical performance.

Smoky Quartz is a variety of quartz that is known for its grounding and protective properties. It is often used to promote a sense of calm and balance, and can help to alleviate feelings of stress and anxiety. Smoky Quartz is also believed to enhance physical strength and endurance, making it a popular choice for those seeking to improve their physical performance.

Red Jasper is a powerful crystal that is known for its ability to boost physical strength and stamina. It is often used to enhance endurance and energy levels, and can help to alleviate feelings of fatigue and exhaustion. Red Jasper is also believed to promote courage and confidence, making it a popular choice for those seeking to overcome fears and doubts.

Combining these three crystals can create a powerful energy field that can help to enhance strength and resilience in all areas of life. By wearing or carrying these crystals, you can tap into their unique properties and harness their power to help you overcome challenges and achieve your goals.

Integrating Crystals into Your Daily Life for Strength and Resilience

Crystal Placement

Crystal placement is a crucial aspect of integrating crystals into your daily life for strength and resilience. The placement of crystals can influence their energy and effectiveness. Here are some tips for effective crystal placement:

  • Location: The location of the crystal can affect its energy. For example, placing a crystal near a window can amplify its energy, while placing it near a source of electromagnetic radiation can weaken its energy.
  • Direction: The direction of the crystal can also affect its energy. For example, placing a crystal in the north-south orientation can enhance its energy, while placing it in the east-west orientation can weaken its energy.
  • Placement on the body: Crystals can be placed on specific parts of the body to target specific energy centers. For example, placing a crystal on the third eye center can enhance intuition and creativity, while placing a crystal on the solar plexus can enhance self-confidence and willpower.
  • Placement in the environment: Crystals can be placed in specific areas of the home or workplace to enhance certain energies. For example, placing a crystal in the bedroom can promote restful sleep, while placing a crystal in the office can enhance productivity and focus.

By carefully considering the location, direction, and placement of crystals, you can maximize their energy and effectiveness in promoting strength and resilience.

Meditation and Visualization

Crystals can be powerful tools for enhancing your meditation and visualization practices. By incorporating specific crystals into your daily routine, you can tap into their unique energy and properties to support your personal growth and well-being.

Here are some ways to incorporate crystals into your meditation and visualization practice:

  1. Choose a crystal for meditation: Select a crystal that resonates with you and place it on your body or hold it in your hand during meditation. The crystal’s energy can help you to focus and deepen your practice. For example, Rose Quartz is known for its calming and soothing properties, making it a great choice for those who struggle with anxiety or restlessness during meditation.
  2. Visualize with a crystal: Hold a crystal in your hand or place it on your meditation cushion as you visualize your desired outcome. The crystal’s energy can help to amplify your intention and bring it into reality. For example, Citrine is believed to attract abundance and prosperity, making it a powerful ally for manifestation work.
  3. Create a crystal grid for meditation: Arrange a group of crystals on a meditation cushion or altar to create a powerful energy field. Each crystal will contribute its unique energy to the grid, enhancing the overall effect. For example, a grid consisting of Amethyst, Clear Quartz, and Smoky Quartz can help to bring clarity, calmness, and protection during meditation.
  4. Incorporate crystals into your meditation space: Place crystals around your meditation space to create a harmonious and balanced environment. This can help to enhance your practice and create a more peaceful and centering atmosphere. For example, a Himalayan Salt Lamp can help to purify the air and create a serene ambiance.

By incorporating crystals into your meditation and visualization practice, you can tap into their powerful energy and properties to support your personal growth and well-being. The specific crystal you choose will depend on your individual needs and preferences, so it’s important to experiment and find what works best for you.

Wearing Crystals

When it comes to incorporating crystals into your daily life for strength and resilience, one popular method is wearing them. Crystals can be worn in various ways, including as jewelry, clothing, or even carried in a bag or pocket.

One of the most popular ways to wear crystals is as jewelry. Necklaces, bracelets, and earrings are all great options. For example, black tourmaline is often worn as a necklace to protect against negative energy, while rose quartz is popular as a bracelet to promote love and healing.

Crystals can also be incorporated into clothing, such as scarves, hats, or even socks. This is a great way to carry the energy of the crystal with you throughout the day, without having to wear a piece of jewelry. For example, wearing a scarf made from amethyst can help promote calmness and balance, while a hat made from citrine can help increase creativity and positivity.

Finally, carrying a crystal in your bag or pocket is another simple way to benefit from their energy. This can be especially helpful during times of stress or anxiety, as you can reach for the crystal and hold it in your hand to help ground and center yourself. For example, carrying a tumbled stone of red jasper can help increase stamina and endurance, while a piece of selenite can help promote a sense of calm and tranquility.

It’s important to note that when wearing crystals, it’s best to cleanse them regularly to remove any negative energy that may have accumulated. This can be done using methods such as sunlight, moonlight, or smudging with sage.

Crystal Care and Maintenance for Strength and Resilience

Cleaning and Charging Your Crystals

Maintaining the strength and resilience of your crystals requires regular cleaning and charging. These practices ensure that your crystals continue to vibrate at their highest frequency and retain their healing properties.

Cleaning Your Crystals

Over time, crystals can accumulate dirt, dust, and negative energy. It is essential to clean them regularly to maintain their energy and effectiveness. Here are some methods to clean your crystals:

  • Using Water: Hold your crystal under running water to wash away any dirt or debris. Be sure to use a soft cloth or your hands to dry it gently, as excessive force can damage the crystal’s surface.
  • Using Sound: Place your crystal on a clean, flat surface and strike a bell, singing bowl, or tuning fork close to it. The vibrations from the sound will help to remove any negativity and recharge the crystal’s energy.
  • Using Salt: Mix a pinch of salt with a few drops of water to form a paste. Gently rub the paste onto your crystal, focusing on any areas with residue. Rinse the crystal under running water, and dry it with a soft cloth.

Charging Your Crystals

To recharge your crystals, place them in a sacred space or a special box, ideally in direct sunlight or under the full moon. This practice helps to restore their energy and maintain their strength and resilience.

Alternatively, you can charge your crystals using other methods:

  • Moonlight: Place your crystals near a window or outside during a full moon to charge them with lunar energy.
  • Solar Energy: Expose your crystals to direct sunlight for at least an hour to charge them with solar energy.
  • Essential Oils: Place your crystals on a tray with a few drops of essential oils, such as lavender or frankincense, to help charge and purify them.

By regularly cleaning and charging your crystals, you can ensure that they maintain their strength and resilience, and continue to provide you with their powerful healing energy.

Storing Your Crystals

When it comes to caring for your crystals, storing them properly is essential to maintain their strength and resilience. Here are some tips on how to store your crystals safely:

  • Choose the Right Container: It’s important to store your crystals in a container that allows them to breathe. Avoid using airtight containers, as this can cause moisture to build up and damage the crystals. A loose-fitting lid or a pouch with a drawstring is a good option.
  • Keep Them Dry: Water and crystals don’t mix, so it’s important to keep your crystals dry at all times. If you need to clean your crystals, use a soft cloth or a dry brush to gently remove any dirt or debris.
  • Avoid Direct Sunlight: Direct sunlight can cause some crystals to fade or lose their color over time. If possible, store your crystals in a cool, dark place or in a drawer with a lined bottom to protect them from direct sunlight.
  • Charge Your Crystals: To maintain their energy and strength, it’s important to charge your crystals regularly. Place them in the sun or under the moonlight for a few hours each day to recharge their energy.
  • Group Them Together: Some crystals, like quartz and amethyst, can benefit from being grouped together. This can help amplify their energy and create a more powerful energy field.

By following these simple tips, you can ensure that your crystals remain strong and resilient for years to come.

Handling and Transporting Your Crystals

Proper handling and transportation of crystals are crucial in maintaining their strength and resilience. Here are some tips to keep in mind:

  • Handling: Always hold your crystals gently, as they are fragile and can easily break if mishandled. It’s best to use a soft cloth or a padded crystal pouch to protect them during handling.
  • Transporting: When transporting your crystals, it’s important to protect them from bumps and knocks that can damage their energy and structure. You can wrap them in a soft cloth or place them in a padded box or bag to prevent damage.
  • Cleaning: Regular cleaning is essential to maintain the strength and resilience of your crystals. You can use a soft cloth or brush to gently remove any dirt or debris that may have accumulated on their surface. Avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners, as these can damage the crystal’s energy and structure.
  • Charging: It’s important to charge your crystals regularly to maintain their strength and resilience. You can do this by placing them in the sun or under the moonlight, or by placing them near other charged crystals.
  • Storing: When storing your crystals, it’s best to keep them in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight. You can also place them in a pouch or container to protect them from dust and other particles that can damage their energy and structure.

By following these tips, you can ensure that your crystals remain strong and resilient, and continue to provide you with their powerful healing and protective energies.

FAQs

1. What is the significance of strength in crystals?

Strength is an important characteristic in crystals as it relates to the ability of the crystal to help one overcome challenges and obstacles in life. A crystal that embodies strength can provide support and empowerment during difficult times, promoting resilience and determination.

2. Which crystal is best known for its strength properties?

Red Jasper is a powerful crystal for strength, known for its ability to boost physical and emotional endurance. It is often used to overcome feelings of fatigue, low energy, and stress, helping one to stay strong and motivated during challenging times.

3. How can I use a crystal for strength in my daily life?

To use a crystal for strength in your daily life, it is recommended to carry the crystal with you or keep it in a place where you can see it frequently. This can be in the form of a tumbled stone, a pendant, or even a crystal bracelet. Holding the crystal in your hand or placing it on your body can also be a powerful way to connect with its energy and harness its strength.

4. Can crystals help me develop my own strength and resilience?

Yes, crystals can be powerful tools for personal growth and development. By connecting with the energy of a crystal that embodies strength, such as Red Jasper, one can tap into their own inner reserves of courage and determination. This can help to build resilience and inner strength, allowing one to overcome challenges and obstacles with greater ease.

5. Are there any other crystals that can bring strength besides Red Jasper?

Yes, there are many other crystals that can bring strength and resilience. Some examples include Black Tourmaline, which helps to protect against negative energy and strengthen the willpower, and Hematite, which is known for its grounding and stabilizing properties. Other crystals, such as Garnet and Citrine, can also bring strength and empowerment in different ways, depending on one’s specific needs and intentions.

Elden Ring Strength Knot Crystal Tear Location (Boosts Strength)

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *